Clustering
type: Concept
alternative label: Algorithms
alternative label: Similarity measures
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.5.3

Computers in other systems (C.3)
type: Concept
alternative label: Command and control
alternative label: Consumer products
alternative label: Industrial control
alternative label: Military
alternative label: Process control
alternative label: Publishing
alternative label: Real time
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J.7

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.m

Internetworking (C.2.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Routers
alternative label: Standards (e.g., TCP/IP)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.2.6

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.8.m

Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search (F.2.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Backtracking
alternative label: Control theory
alternative label: Dynamic programming
alternative label: Graph and tree search strategies
alternative label: Heuristic methods
alternative label: Plan execution, formation, and generation
alternative label: Scheduling
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.8

Design Aids
type: Concept
alternative label: Automatic synthesis
alternative label: Hardware description languages
alternative label: Optimization
alternative label: Simulation
alternative label: Switching theory
alternative label: Verification
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.6.3

Semiconductor Memories (B.7.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Dynamic memory (DRAM)
alternative label: Read-only memory (ROM)
alternative label: Static memory (SRAM)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.3.1

Administrative data processing
type: Concept
alternative label: Business
alternative label: Education
alternative label: Financial (e.g., EFTS)
alternative label: Government
alternative label: Law
alternative label: Manufacturing
alternative label: Marketing
alternative label: Military
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J.1

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3.m

Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance (B.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Diagnostics
alternative label: Error-checking
alternative label: Redundant design
alternative label: Test generation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.3.4

Algorithms (F.2.1, F.2.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Algebraic algorithms
alternative label: Analysis of algorithms
alternative label: Nonalgebraic algorithms
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.1.2

Electronic Publishing (H.5.4, J.7)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.7.4

Control Design Styles
type: Concept
alternative label: Hardwired control
alternative label: Microprogrammed logic arrays
alternative label: Writable control store
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.1.1

Systems Programs and Utilities
type: Concept
alternative label: Command and control languages
alternative label: Linkers
alternative label: Loaders
alternative label: Window managers
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.9

Index Generation
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.7.3

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.0

Social Issues
type: Concept
alternative label: Abuse and crime involving computers
alternative label: Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities
alternative label: Employment
alternative label: Handicapped persons/special needs
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.4.2

Minicomputers
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.5.2

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.4.m

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.m

Applicative (Functional) Programming
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1.1

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: E.m

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
alternative label: Codes of good practice
alternative label: Ethics
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.7.m

Data storage representations
type: Concept
alternative label: Composite structures
alternative label: Contiguous representations
alternative label: Hash-table representations
alternative label: Linked representations
alternative label: Object representation
alternative label: Primitive data items
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: E.2

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
alternative label: Design management
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.m

Network Protocols
type: Concept
alternative label: Applications (SMTP, FTP, etc.)
alternative label: Protocol architecture (OSI model)
alternative label: Protocol verification
alternative label: Routing protocols
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.2.2

Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods (F.4.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Frames and scripts
alternative label: Modal logic
alternative label: Predicate logic
alternative label: Relation systems
alternative label: Representation languages
alternative label: Representations (procedural and rule-based)
alternative label: Semantic networks
alternative label: Temporal logic
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.4

Reliability
type: Concept
alternative label: Backup procedures
alternative label: Checkpoint/restart
alternative label: Fault-tolerance
alternative label: Verification
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.5

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Biographies/autobiographies
alternative label: Conference proceedings
alternative label: General literary works (e.g., fiction, plays)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: A.0

Optimization
type: Concept
alternative label: Constrained optimization
alternative label: Convex programming
alternative label: Global optimization
alternative label: Gradient methods
alternative label: Integer programming
alternative label: Least squares methods
alternative label: Linear programming
alternative label: Nonlinear programming
alternative label: Quadratic programming methods
alternative label: Simulated annealing
alternative label: Stochastic programming
alternative label: Unconstrained optimization
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.6

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.7.0

Distributed Artificial Intelligence
type: Concept
alternative label: Coherence and coordination
alternative label: Intelligent agents
alternative label: Languages and structures
alternative label: Multiagent systems
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.11

Microcomputers
type: Concept
alternative label: Microprocessors
alternative label: Personal computers
alternative label: Portable devices (e.g., laptops, personal digital assistants)
alternative label: Workstations
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.5.3

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.1.0

Applications
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.9

Project and People Management
type: Concept
alternative label: Life cycle
alternative label: Management techniques (e.g., PERT/CPM)
alternative label: Staffing
alternative label: Strategic information systems planning
alternative label: Systems analysis and design
alternative label: Systems development
alternative label: Training
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.6.1

Applications
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.2.3

Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
type: Concept
alternative label: Array and vector processors
alternative label: Associative processors
alternative label: Connection machines
alternative label: Interconnection architectures (e.g., common bus, multiport memory, crossbar switch)
alternative label: Multiple-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (MIMD)
alternative label: Parallel processors
alternative label: Pipeline processors
alternative label: Single-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (SIMD)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.1.2

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.m

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Economics
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.6.0

Compression (Coding) (E.4)
type: Concept
alternative label: Approximate methods
alternative label: Exact coding
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.2

Concurrent Programming
type: Concept
alternative label: Distributed programming
alternative label: Parallel programming
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1.3

Design Tools and Techniques
type: Concept
alternative label: Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
alternative label: Decision tables
alternative label: Evolutionary prototyping
alternative label: Flow charts
alternative label: Modules and interfaces
alternative label: Object-oriented design methods
alternative label: Petri nets
alternative label: Programmer workbench
alternative label: Software libraries
alternative label: State diagrams
alternative label: Structured programming
alternative label: Top-down programming
alternative label: User interfaces
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.2

Applications and Expert Systems (H.4, J)
type: Concept
alternative label: Cartography
alternative label: Games
alternative label: Industrial automation
alternative label: Law
alternative label: Medicine and science
alternative label: Natural language interfaces
alternative label: Office automation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.1

Applications
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.3

Database Applications
type: Concept
alternative label: Data mining
alternative label: Image databases
alternative label: Scientific databases
alternative label: Spatial databases and GIS
alternative label: Statistical databases
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.8

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.8.0

Design Styles
type: Concept
alternative label: Cellular arrays and automata
alternative label: Combinational logic
alternative label: Logic arrays
alternative label: Memory control and access
alternative label: Memory used as logic
alternative label: Parallel circuits
alternative label: Sequential circuits
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.6.1

Types of Simulation
type: Concept
alternative label: Animation
alternative label: Combined
alternative label: Continuous
alternative label: Discrete event
alternative label: Distributed
alternative label: Gaming
alternative label: Monte Carlo
alternative label: Parallel
alternative label: Visual
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.8

Large and Medium (``Mainframe'') Computers
type: Concept
alternative label: Super (very large) computers
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.5.1

Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance (B.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Diagnostics
alternative label: Error-checking
alternative label: Redundant design
alternative label: Test generation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.2.3

Interoperability
type: Concept
alternative label: Data mapping
alternative label: Distributed objects
alternative label: Interface definition languages
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.12

Simulation Languages
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.2

Processors
type: Concept
alternative label: Code generation
alternative label: Compilers
alternative label: Debuggers
alternative label: Incremental compilers
alternative label: Interpreters
alternative label: Memory management (garbage collection)
alternative label: Optimization
alternative label: Parsing
alternative label: Preprocessors
alternative label: Retargetable compilers
alternative label: Run-time environments
alternative label: Translator writing systems and compiler generators
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.3.4

Design Methodology
type: Concept
alternative label: Classifier design and evaluation
alternative label: Feature evaluation and selection
alternative label: Pattern analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.5.2

Performance of systems
type: Concept
alternative label: Design studies
alternative label: Fault tolerance
alternative label: Measurement techniques
alternative label: Modeling techniques
alternative label: Performance attributes
alternative label: Reliability, availability, and serviceability
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.4

Semantics of Programming Languages (D.3.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Algebraic approaches to semantics
alternative label: Denotational semantics
alternative label: Operational semantics
alternative label: Partial evaluation
alternative label: Process models
alternative label: Program analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.3.2

Microprogram Design Aids (D.2.2, D.2.4, D.3.2, D.3.4)
type: Concept
alternative label: Firmware engineering
alternative label: Languages and compilers
alternative label: Machine-independent microcode generation
alternative label: Optimization
alternative label: Verification
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.1.4

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.4.m

Numerical Algorithms and Problems (G.1, G.4, I.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Computation of transforms (e.g., fast Fourier transform)
alternative label: Computations in finite fields
alternative label: Computations on matrices
alternative label: Computations on polynomials
alternative label: Number-theoretic computations (e.g., factoring, primality testing)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.2.1

Data structures
type: Concept
alternative label: Arrays
alternative label: Distributed data structures
alternative label: Graphs and networks
alternative label: Lists, stacks, and queues
alternative label: Records
alternative label: Tables
alternative label: Trees
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: E.1

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.4.0

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Games
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.8.0

Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance (B.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Diagnostics
alternative label: Error-checking
alternative label: Redundant design
alternative label: Test generation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.1.3

Formal Definitions and Theory (D.2.1, F.3.1, F.3.2, F.4.2, F.4.3)
type: Concept
alternative label: Semantics
alternative label: Syntax
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.3.1

Languages (D.3.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Data description languages (DDL)
alternative label: Data manipulation languages (DML)
alternative label: Database (persistent) programming languages
alternative label: Query languages
alternative label: Report writers
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.3

Sound and Music Computing (J.5)
type: Concept
alternative label: Methodologies and techniques
alternative label: Modeling
alternative label: Signal analysis, synthesis, and processing
alternative label: Systems
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.5.5

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.m

Library Automation
type: Concept
alternative label: Large text archives
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3.6

Robotics
type: Concept
alternative label: Autonomous vehicles
alternative label: Commercial robots and applications
alternative label: Kinematics and dynamics
alternative label: Manipulators
alternative label: Operator interfaces
alternative label: Propelling mechanisms
alternative label: Sensors
alternative label: Workcell organization and planning
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.9

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Computer arithmetic
alternative label: Conditioning (and ill-conditioning)
alternative label: Error analysis
alternative label: Interval arithmetic
alternative label: Multiple precision arithmetic
alternative label: Numerical algorithms
alternative label: Parallel algorithms
alternative label: Stability (and instability)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.0

Languages and Systems (D.3.2, D.3.3, F.2.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Evaluation strategies
alternative label: Nonprocedural languages
alternative label: Special-purpose algebraic systems
alternative label: Special-purpose hardware
alternative label: Substitution mechanisms
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.1.3

Design Aids
type: Concept
alternative label: Automatic synthesis
alternative label: Hardware description languages
alternative label: Optimization
alternative label: Simulation
alternative label: Verification
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.5.2

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.3.0

Roots of Nonlinear Equations
type: Concept
alternative label: Continuation (homotopy) methods
alternative label: Convergence
alternative label: Error analysis
alternative label: Iterative methods
alternative label: Polynomials, methods for
alternative label: Systems of equations
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.5

Hypertext/Hypermedia (I.7, J.7)
type: Concept
alternative label: Architectures
alternative label: Navigation
alternative label: Theory
alternative label: User issues
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.5.4

Expressions and Their Representation (E.1, E.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Representations (general and polynomial)
alternative label: Simplification of expressions
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.1.1

Office Automation (I.7)
type: Concept
alternative label: Desktop publishing
alternative label: Equipment
alternative label: Groupware
alternative label: Spreadsheets
alternative label: Time management (e.g., calendars, schedules)
alternative label: Word processing
alternative label: Workflow management
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.4.1

Models
type: Concept
alternative label: Deterministic
alternative label: Fuzzy set
alternative label: Geometric
alternative label: Neural nets
alternative label: Statistical
alternative label: Structural
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.5.1

Mathematical Logic (F.1.1, I.2.2, I.2.3, I.2.4)
type: Concept
alternative label: Computability theory
alternative label: Computational logic
alternative label: Lambda calculus and related systems
alternative label: Logic and constraint programming
alternative label: Mechanical theorem proving
alternative label: Modal logic
alternative label: Model theory
alternative label: Proof theory
alternative label: Recursive function theory
alternative label: Set theory
alternative label: Temporal logic
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.4.1

General (K.5.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Protection mechanisms
alternative label: Standards
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.0

Reference (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias, glossaries)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: A.2

Coding and information theory (H.1.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Data compaction and compression
alternative label: Error control codes
alternative label: Formal models of communication
alternative label: Nonsecret encoding schemes
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: E.4

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: A.m

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3.0

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Standards
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.3.0

Logical Design
type: Concept
alternative label: Data models
alternative label: Normal forms
alternative label: Schema and subschema
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.1

The Computer Industry
type: Concept
alternative label: Markets
alternative label: Standards
alternative label: Statistics
alternative label: Suppliers
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.1

Restoration
type: Concept
alternative label: Inverse filtering
alternative label: Kalman filtering
alternative label: Pseudoinverse restoration
alternative label: Wiener filtering
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.4

Image Representation
type: Concept
alternative label: Hierarchical
alternative label: Morphological
alternative label: Multidimensional
alternative label: Statistical
alternative label: Volumetric
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.10

Vision and Scene Understanding (I.4.8, I.5)
type: Concept
alternative label: 3D/stereo scene analysis
alternative label: Architecture and control structures
alternative label: Intensity, color, photometry, and thresholding
alternative label: Modeling and recovery of physical attributes
alternative label: Motion
alternative label: Perceptual reasoning
alternative label: Representations, data structures, and transforms
alternative label: Shape
alternative label: Texture
alternative label: Video analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.10

Applications
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.8

Mathematical software
type: Concept
alternative label: Algorithm design and analysis
alternative label: Certification and testing
alternative label: Documentation
alternative label: Efficiency
alternative label: Parallel and vector implementations
alternative label: Portability
alternative label: Reliability and robustness
alternative label: User interfaces
alternative label: Verification
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.4

Document and Text Editing
type: Concept
alternative label: Document management
alternative label: Languages
alternative label: Spelling
alternative label: Version control
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.7.1

Data Communications Devices
type: Concept
alternative label: Processors
alternative label: Receivers (e.g., voice, data, image)
alternative label: Transmitters
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.4.1

Metrics (D.4.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Complexity measures
alternative label: Performance measures
alternative label: Process metrics
alternative label: Product metrics
alternative label: Software science
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.8

Security and Protection (K.6.5)
type: Concept
alternative label: Access controls
alternative label: Authentication
alternative label: Cryptographic controls
alternative label: Information flow controls
alternative label: Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
alternative label: Security kernels
alternative label: Verification
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.6

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1.0

Communications Management (C.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Buffering
alternative label: Input/output
alternative label: Message sending
alternative label: Network communication
alternative label: Terminal management
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.4

Performance Analysis and Design Aids
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.8.2

Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems (E.2, E.3, E.4, E.5, G.2, H.2, H.3)
type: Concept
alternative label: Complexity of proof procedures
alternative label: Computations on discrete structures
alternative label: Geometrical problems and computations
alternative label: Pattern matching
alternative label: Routing and layout
alternative label: Sequencing and scheduling
alternative label: Sorting and searching
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.2.2

Reliability and Testing (B.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Built-in tests
alternative label: Error-checking
alternative label: Redundant design
alternative label: Test generation
alternative label: Testability
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.6.2

Governmental Issues
type: Concept
alternative label: Censorship
alternative label: Regulation
alternative label: Taxation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.5.2

Performance Analysis and Design Aids (B.8, C.4)
type: Concept
alternative label: Formal models
alternative label: Simulation
alternative label: Worst-case analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.3.3

VLSI Systems
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.5.4

Parallel Architectures
type: Concept
alternative label: Distributed architectures
alternative label: Mobile processors
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.1.4

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.3.m

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.5.0

Interconnections (Subsystems)
type: Concept
alternative label: Asynchronous/synchronous operation
alternative label: Fiber optics
alternative label: Interfaces
alternative label: Parallel I/O
alternative label: Physical structures (e.g., backplanes, cables, chip carriers)
alternative label: Topology (e.g., bus, point-to-point)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.4.3

Segmentation
type: Concept
alternative label: Edge and feature detection
alternative label: Pixel classification
alternative label: Region growing, partitioning
alternative label: Relaxation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.6

Information Search and Retrieval
type: Concept
alternative label: Clustering
alternative label: Information filtering
alternative label: Query formulation
alternative label: Relevance feedback
alternative label: Retrieval models
alternative label: Search process
alternative label: Selection process
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3.3

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
alternative label: Software psychology
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.m

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.4.m

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.m

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Cognitive simulation
alternative label: Philosophical foundations
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.0

Electronic Commerce (J.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Cybercash, digital cash
alternative label: Distributed commercial transactions
alternative label: Electronic data interchange (EDI)
alternative label: Intellectual property
alternative label: Payment schemes
alternative label: Security
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.4.4

Design (D.2.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Methodologies
alternative label: Representation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.10

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.2.0

Logic Programming
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1.6

Performance Analysis and Design Aids (B.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Simulation
alternative label: Verification
alternative label: Worst-case analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.2.2

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.2.m

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.6.m

Special-purpose and application-based systems (J.7)
type: Concept
alternative label: Microprocessor/microcomputer applications
alternative label: Process control systems
alternative label: Real-time and embedded systems
alternative label: Signal processing systems
alternative label: Smartcards
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.3

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.4.0

Software/Program Verification (F.3.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Assertion checkers
alternative label: Class invariants
alternative label: Correctness proofs
alternative label: Formal methods
alternative label: Model checking
alternative label: Programming by contract
alternative label: Reliability
alternative label: Statistical methods
alternative label: Validation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.4

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.1.0

Applied communication and signal processing
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.2.3

Database Administration
type: Concept
alternative label: Data dictionary/directory
alternative label: Data warehouse and repository
alternative label: Logging and recovery
alternative label: Security, integrity, and protection
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.7

Reliability and Testing (B.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Built-in tests
alternative label: Error-checking
alternative label: Redundant design
alternative label: Test generation
alternative label: Testability
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.5.3

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.4.0

Design Styles (C.1.1, C.1.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Calculator
alternative label: Parallel
alternative label: Pipeline
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.2.1

Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.8.1

Methodology and Techniques
type: Concept
alternative label: Device independence
alternative label: Ergonomics
alternative label: Graphics data structures and data types
alternative label: Interaction techniques
alternative label: Languages
alternative label: Standards
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.6

Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
type: Concept
alternative label: Boundary representations
alternative label: Constructive solid geometry (CSG)
alternative label: Curve, surface, solid, and object representations
alternative label: Geometric algorithms, languages, and systems
alternative label: Hierarchy and geometric transformations
alternative label: Modeling packages
alternative label: Object hierarchies
alternative label: Physically based modeling
alternative label: Splines
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.5

Professional Ethics (K.4)
type: Concept
alternative label: Codes of ethics
alternative label: Codes of good practice
alternative label: Ethical dilemmas
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.7.4

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.5.0

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.m

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.0

Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance (B.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Built-in tests
alternative label: Diagnostics
alternative label: Error-checking
alternative label: Hardware reliability
alternative label: Redundant design
alternative label: Test generation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.4.5

Physical sciences and engineering
type: Concept
alternative label: Aerospace
alternative label: Archaeology
alternative label: Astronomy
alternative label: Chemistry
alternative label: Earth and atmospheric sciences
alternative label: Electronics
alternative label: Engineering
alternative label: Mathematics and statistics
alternative label: Physics
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J.2

Content Analysis and Indexing
type: Concept
alternative label: Abstracting methods
alternative label: Dictionaries
alternative label: Indexing methods
alternative label: Linguistic processing
alternative label: Thesauruses
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3.1

Partial Differential Equations
type: Concept
alternative label: Domain decomposition methods
alternative label: Elliptic equations
alternative label: Finite difference methods
alternative label: Finite element methods
alternative label: Finite volume methods
alternative label: Hyperbolic equations
alternative label: Inverse problems
alternative label: Iterative solution techniques
alternative label: Method of lines
alternative label: Multigrid and multilevel methods
alternative label: Parabolic equations
alternative label: Spectral methods
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.8

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.0

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.0

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.4.0

Occupations
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.7.1

Heterogeneous Databases
type: Concept
alternative label: Data translation
alternative label: Program translation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.5

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.1.0

Computer-aided engineering
type: Concept
alternative label: Computer-aided design (CAD)
alternative label: Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J.6

Hardware Architecture (B.4.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Graphics processors
alternative label: Hardcopy devices
alternative label: Input devices
alternative label: Parallel processing
alternative label: Raster display devices
alternative label: Storage devices
alternative label: Three-dimensional displays
alternative label: Vector display devices
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.1

Management (K.6.3, K.6.4)
type: Concept
alternative label: Copyrights
alternative label: Cost estimation
alternative label: Life cycle
alternative label: Productivity
alternative label: Programming teams
alternative label: Software configuration management
alternative label: Software process models (e.g., CMM, ISO, PSP)
alternative label: Software quality assurance (SQA)
alternative label: Time estimation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.9

Object-oriented Programming
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1.5

Design
type: Concept
alternative label: Arithmetic and logic units
alternative label: Control design
alternative label: Data-path design
alternative label: Memory design
alternative label: Styles (e.g., parallel, pipeline, special-purpose)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.5.1

Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation (F.2.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Adaptive and iterative quadrature
alternative label: Automatic differentiation
alternative label: Equal interval integration
alternative label: Error analysis
alternative label: Finite difference methods
alternative label: Gaussian quadrature
alternative label: Iterative methods
alternative label: Multidimensional (multiple) quadrature
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.4

Combinatorics (F.2.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Combinatorial algorithms
alternative label: Counting problems
alternative label: Generating functions
alternative label: Permutations and combinations
alternative label: Recurrences and difference equations
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.2.1

Systems
type: Concept
alternative label: Concurrency
alternative label: Distributed databases
alternative label: Multimedia databases
alternative label: Object-oriented databases
alternative label: Parallel databases
alternative label: Query processing
alternative label: Relational databases
alternative label: Rule-based databases
alternative label: Textual databases
alternative label: Transaction processing
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.4

Process Management
type: Concept
alternative label: Concurrency
alternative label: Deadlocks
alternative label: Multiprocessing/multiprogramming/multitasking
alternative label: Mutual exclusion
alternative label: Scheduling
alternative label: Synchronization
alternative label: Threads
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.1

Enhancement
type: Concept
alternative label: Filtering
alternative label: Geometric correction
alternative label: Grayscale manipulation
alternative label: Registration
alternative label: Sharpening and deblurring
alternative label: Smoothing
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.3

Reconstruction
type: Concept
alternative label: Series expansion methods
alternative label: Summation methods
alternative label: Transform methods
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.5

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.3.0

Management/Maintenance
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.8.3

Formal Languages (D.3.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Algebraic language theory
alternative label: Classes defined by grammars or automata (e.g., context-free languages, regular sets, recursive sets)
alternative label: Classes defined by resource-bounded automata
alternative label: Decision problems
alternative label: Operations on languages
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.4.3

Design Aids
type: Concept
alternative label: Graphics
alternative label: Layout
alternative label: Placement and routing
alternative label: Simulation
alternative label: Verification
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.7.2

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.0

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.7.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
alternative label: Accreditation
alternative label: Computer literacy
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.3.m

Approximation
type: Concept
alternative label: Approximation of surfaces and contours
alternative label: Chebyshev approximation and theory
alternative label: Elementary function approximation
alternative label: Fast Fourier transforms (FFT)
alternative label: Least squares approximation
alternative label: Linear approximation
alternative label: Minimax approximation and algorithms
alternative label: Nonlinear approximation
alternative label: Rational approximation
alternative label: Special function approximations
alternative label: Spline and piecewise polynomial approximation
alternative label: Wavelets and fractals
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.2

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Hardware/software interfaces
alternative label: Instruction set design (e.g., RISC, CISC, VLIW)
alternative label: Modeling of computer architecture
alternative label: System architectures
alternative label: Systems specification methodology
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.0

Security and Protection (D.4.6, K.4.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Authentication
alternative label: Insurance
alternative label: Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
alternative label: Physical security
alternative label: Unauthorized access (e.g., hacking, phreaking)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.6.5

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.6.0

Sequential Programming
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1.4

Hardware/Software Protection
type: Concept
alternative label: Copyrights
alternative label: Licensing
alternative label: Patents
alternative label: Proprietary rights
alternative label: Trade secrets
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.5.1

Storage Management
type: Concept
alternative label: Allocation/deallocation strategies
alternative label: Distributed memories
alternative label: Garbage collection
alternative label: Main memory
alternative label: Secondary storage
alternative label: Segmentation
alternative label: Storage hierarchies
alternative label: Swapping
alternative label: Virtual memory
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.2

Other Architecture Styles
type: Concept
alternative label: Adaptable architectures
alternative label: Analog computers
alternative label: Capability architectures
alternative label: Cellular architecture (e.g., mobile)
alternative label: Data-flow architectures
alternative label: Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems
alternative label: High-level language architectures
alternative label: Neural nets
alternative label: Pipeline processors
alternative label: Stack-oriented processors
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.1.3

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.5.0

Implementation (C.3)
type: Concept
alternative label: Interactive systems
alternative label: Special architectures
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.5.5

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.1.0

Feature Measurement
type: Concept
alternative label: Feature representation
alternative label: Invariants
alternative label: Moments
alternative label: Projections
alternative label: Size and shape
alternative label: Texture
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.7

User Interfaces (D.2.2, H.1.2, I.3.6)
type: Concept
alternative label: Auditory (non-speech) feedback
alternative label: Benchmarking
alternative label: Ergonomics
alternative label: Evaluation/methodology
alternative label: Graphical user interfaces (GUI)
alternative label: Haptic I/O
alternative label: Input devices and strategies (e.g., mouse, touchscreen)
alternative label: Interaction styles (e.g., commands, menus, forms, direct manipulation)
alternative label: Natural language
alternative label: Prototyping
alternative label: Screen design (e.g., text, graphics, color)
alternative label: Standardization
alternative label: Style guides
alternative label: Theory and methods
alternative label: Training, help, and documentation
alternative label: User interface management systems (UIMS)
alternative label: User-centered design
alternative label: Voice I/O
alternative label: Windowing systems
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.5.2

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
alternative label: Queueing theory
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.m

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.m

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Image displays
alternative label: Image processing software
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.0

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.8.m

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
alternative label: Analog computers
alternative label: Hybrid systems
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.1.m

Organizational Impacts
type: Concept
alternative label: Automation
alternative label: Computer-supported collaborative work
alternative label: Employment
alternative label: Reengineering
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.4.3

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1.m

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: E.0

Studies of Program Constructs (D.3.2, D.3.3)
type: Concept
alternative label: Control primitives
alternative label: Functional constructs
alternative label: Object-oriented constructs
alternative label: Program and recursion schemes
alternative label: Type structure
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.3.3

Communications Applications
type: Concept
alternative label: Bulletin boards
alternative label: Computer conferencing, teleconferencing, and videoconferencing
alternative label: Electronic mail
alternative label: Information browsers
alternative label: Videotex
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.4.3

Public Policy Issues
type: Concept
alternative label: Abuse and crime involving computers
alternative label: Computer-related health issues
alternative label: Ethics
alternative label: Human safety
alternative label: Intellectual property rights
alternative label: Privacy
alternative label: Regulation
alternative label: Transborder data flow
alternative label: Use/abuse of power
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.4.1

Multimedia Information Systems
type: Concept
alternative label: Animations
alternative label: Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities
alternative label: Audio input/output
alternative label: Evaluation/methodology
alternative label: Hypertext navigation and maps
alternative label: Video (e.g., tape, disk, DVI)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.5.1

Requirements/Specifications (D.3.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Elicitation methods (e.g., rapid prototyping, interviews, JAD)
alternative label: Languages
alternative label: Methodologies (e.g., object-oriented, structured)
alternative label: Tools
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.1

Life and medical sciences
type: Concept
alternative label: Biology and genetics
alternative label: Health
alternative label: Medical information systems
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J.3

Deduction and Theorem Proving (F.4.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Answer/reason extraction
alternative label: Deduction (e.g., natural, rule-based)
alternative label: Inference engines
alternative label: Logic programming
alternative label: Mathematical induction
alternative label: Metatheory
alternative label: Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision
alternative label: Resolution
alternative label: Uncertainty, ``fuzzy,'' and probabilistic reasoning
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.3

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.m

Application Packages
type: Concept
alternative label: Data communications
alternative label: Database processing
alternative label: Freeware/shareware
alternative label: Graphics
alternative label: Spreadsheets
alternative label: Word processing
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.8.1

Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
type: Concept
alternative label: Animation
alternative label: Color, shading, shadowing, and texture
alternative label: Fractals
alternative label: Hidden line/surface removal
alternative label: Radiosity
alternative label: Raytracing
alternative label: Virtual reality
alternative label: Visible line/surface algorithms
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.7

Digital Libraries
type: Concept
alternative label: Collection
alternative label: Dissemination
alternative label: Standards
alternative label: Systems issues
alternative label: User issues
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3.7

Applications
type: Concept
alternative label: Computer vision
alternative label: Signal processing
alternative label: Text processing
alternative label: Waveform analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.5.4

Automatic Programming (D.1.2, F.3.1, F.4.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Automatic analysis of algorithms
alternative label: Program modification
alternative label: Program synthesis
alternative label: Program transformation
alternative label: Program verification
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.2

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.1.0

Reliability and Testing (B.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Built-in tests
alternative label: Error-checking
alternative label: Redundant design
alternative label: Test generation
alternative label: Testability
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.7.3

Simulation Support Systems
type: Concept
alternative label: Environments
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.7

Interpolation (I.3.5, I.3.7)
type: Concept
alternative label: Difference formulas
alternative label: Extrapolation
alternative label: Interpolation formulas
alternative label: Smoothing
alternative label: Spline and piecewise polynomial interpolation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.1

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Security, integrity, and protection
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.2.m

Performance (C.4, D.2.8, I.6)
type: Concept
alternative label: Measurements
alternative label: Modeling and prediction
alternative label: Monitors
alternative label: Operational analysis
alternative label: Queueing theory
alternative label: Simulation
alternative label: Stochastic analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.8

Scene Analysis
type: Concept
alternative label: Color
alternative label: Depth cues
alternative label: Motion
alternative label: Object recognition
alternative label: Photometry
alternative label: Range data
alternative label: Sensor fusion
alternative label: Shading
alternative label: Shape
alternative label: Stereo
alternative label: Surface fitting
alternative label: Time-varying imagery
alternative label: Tracking
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.8

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J.m

High-Speed Arithmetic
type: Concept
alternative label: Algorithms
alternative label: Cost/performance
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.2.4

Graphics Utilities
type: Concept
alternative label: Application packages
alternative label: Device drivers
alternative label: Graphics editors
alternative label: Graphics packages
alternative label: Meta files
alternative label: Paint systems
alternative label: Picture description languages
alternative label: Software support
alternative label: Virtual device interfaces
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.4

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.5.0

Statistical communications
type: Concept
alternative label: Filtering
alternative label: Signal processing
alternative label: Time series
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.2.2

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.2.m

Network Operations
type: Concept
alternative label: Network management
alternative label: Network monitoring
alternative label: Public networks
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.2.3

Programming Environments
type: Concept
alternative label: Graphical environments
alternative label: Integrated environments
alternative label: Interactive environments
alternative label: Programmer workbench
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.6

Performance Analysis and Design Aids (B.8)
type: Concept
alternative label: Formal models
alternative label: Simulation
alternative label: Verification
alternative label: Worst-case analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.4.4

Physical Design
type: Concept
alternative label: Access methods
alternative label: Deadlock avoidance
alternative label: Recovery and restart
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.2

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.0

Computer and Information Science Education
type: Concept
alternative label: Accreditation
alternative label: Computer science education
alternative label: Curriculum
alternative label: Information systems education
alternative label: Literacy
alternative label: Self-assessment
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.3.2

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.m

Fourier analysis, correlation functions
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.2.1

Complexity Measures and Classes (F.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Complexity hierarchies
alternative label: Machine-independent complexity
alternative label: Reducibility and completeness
alternative label: Relations among complexity classes
alternative label: Relations among complexity measures
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.1.3

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.3.0

Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids
type: Concept
alternative label: Automatic synthesis
alternative label: Formal models
alternative label: Simulation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.1.2

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.7.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.7.m

Social and behavioral sciences
type: Concept
alternative label: Economics
alternative label: Psychology
alternative label: Sociology
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J.4

Installation Management
type: Concept
alternative label: Benchmarks
alternative label: Computer selection
alternative label: Computing equipment management
alternative label: Performance and usage measurement
alternative label: Pricing and resource allocation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.6.2

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.2.m

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.2.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.5.m

Database Machines
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2.6

Hardware
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.8.2

Network Architecture and Design
type: Concept
alternative label: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
alternative label: Centralized networks
alternative label: Circuit-switching networks
alternative label: Distributed networks
alternative label: Frame relay networks
alternative label: ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
alternative label: Network communications
alternative label: Network topology
alternative label: Packet-switching networks
alternative label: Store and forward networks
alternative label: Wireless communication
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.2.1

Reusable Software
type: Concept
alternative label: Domain engineering
alternative label: Reusable libraries
alternative label: Reuse models
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.13

Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs (D.2.1, D.2.4, D.3.1, E.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Assertions
alternative label: Invariants
alternative label: Logics of programs
alternative label: Mechanical verification
alternative label: Pre- and post-conditions
alternative label: Specification techniques
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.3.1

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.1.m

Automatic Programming (I.2.2)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1.2

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.m

Testing, Certification, and Licensing
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.7.3

Organizations
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.7.2

Learning (K.3.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Analogies
alternative label: Concept learning
alternative label: Connectionism and neural nets
alternative label: Induction
alternative label: Knowledge acquisition
alternative label: Language acquisition
alternative label: Parameter learning
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.6

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.3.m

Tradeoffs between Complexity Measures (F.1.3)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.2.3

Distributed Systems
type: Concept
alternative label: Client/server
alternative label: Distributed applications
alternative label: Distributed databases
alternative label: Network operating systems
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.2.4

Applications
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.1.4

Coding Tools and Techniques
type: Concept
alternative label: Object-oriented programming
alternative label: Pretty printers
alternative label: Program editors
alternative label: Reentrant code
alternative label: Standards
alternative label: Structured programming
alternative label: Top-down programming
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.3

Probability and statistics
type: Concept
alternative label: Contingency table analysis
alternative label: Correlation and regression analysis
alternative label: Distribution functions
alternative label: Experimental design
alternative label: Markov processes
alternative label: Multivariate statistics
alternative label: Nonparametric statistics
alternative label: Probabilistic algorithms (including Monte Carlo)
alternative label: Queueing theory
alternative label: Random number generation
alternative label: Reliability and life testing
alternative label: Renewal theory
alternative label: Robust regression
alternative label: Statistical computing
alternative label: Statistical software
alternative label: Stochastic processes
alternative label: Survival analysis
alternative label: Time series analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.3

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.4.m

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.5.m

Simulation Theory
type: Concept
alternative label: Model classification
alternative label: Systems theory
alternative label: Types of simulation (continuous and discrete) [*]
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.1

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.0

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.7.0

Models of Computation (F.4.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Automata (e.g., finite, push-down, resource-bounded)
alternative label: Bounded-action devices (e.g., Turing machines, random access machines)
alternative label: Computability theory
alternative label: Relations between models
alternative label: Self-modifying machines (e.g., neural networks)
alternative label: Unbounded-action devices (e.g., cellular automata, circuits, networks of machines)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.1.1

Single Data Stream Architectures
type: Concept
alternative label: Multiple-instruction-stream, single-data-stream processors (MISD)
alternative label: Pipeline processors
alternative label: RISC/CISC, VLIW architectures
alternative label: Single-instruction-stream, single-data-stream processors (SISD)
alternative label: Von Neumann architectures
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.1.1

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.5.m

Servers
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.5.5

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.m

User/Machine Systems
type: Concept
alternative label: Human factors
alternative label: Human information processing
alternative label: Software psychology
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.1.2

Types and Design Styles
type: Concept
alternative label: Advanced technologies
alternative label: Algorithms implemented in hardware
alternative label: Gate arrays
alternative label: Input/output circuits
alternative label: Memory technologies
alternative label: Microprocessors and microcomputers
alternative label: Standard cells
alternative label: VLSI (very large scale integration)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.7.1

File Systems Management (E.5)
type: Concept
alternative label: Access methods
alternative label: Directory structures
alternative label: Distributed file systems
alternative label: File organization
alternative label: Maintenance
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.3

Ordinary Differential Equations
type: Concept
alternative label: Boundary value problems
alternative label: Chaotic systems
alternative label: Convergence and stability
alternative label: Differential-algebraic equations
alternative label: Error analysis
alternative label: Finite difference methods
alternative label: Initial value problems
alternative label: Multistep and multivalue methods
alternative label: One-step (single step) methods
alternative label: Stiff equations
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.7

Introductory and survey
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: A.1

Integral Equations
type: Concept
alternative label: Delay equations
alternative label: Fredholm equations
alternative label: Integro-differential equations
alternative label: Volterra equations
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.9

Data encryption
type: Concept
alternative label: Code breaking
alternative label: Data encryption standard (DES)
alternative label: Public key cryptosystems
alternative label: Standards (e.g., DES, PGP, RSA)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: E.3

Natural Language Processing
type: Concept
alternative label: Discourse
alternative label: Language generation
alternative label: Language models
alternative label: Language parsing and understanding
alternative label: Machine translation
alternative label: Speech recognition and synthesis
alternative label: Text analysis
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.7

Model Validation and Analysis
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.4

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.7.m

Document Capture(I.4.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Document analysis
alternative label: Graphics recognition and interpretation
alternative label: Optical character recognition (OCR)
alternative label: Scanning
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.7.5

Online Information Services
type: Concept
alternative label: Commercial services
alternative label: Data sharing
alternative label: Web-based services
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3.5

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.1.m

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.1.m

Picture/Image Generation
type: Concept
alternative label: Antialiasing
alternative label: Bitmap and framebuffer operations
alternative label: Digitizing and scanning
alternative label: Display algorithms
alternative label: Line and curve generation
alternative label: Viewing algorithms
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.3

Programming Languages and Software (D.3.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Expert system tools and techniques
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2.5

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
alternative label: Contracts
alternative label: Hardware patents
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.5.m

Input/Output Devices
type: Concept
alternative label: Channels and controllers
alternative label: Data terminals and printers
alternative label: Image display
alternative label: Voice
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.4.2

Visual Programming
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1.7

Document Preparation
type: Concept
alternative label: Desktop publishing
alternative label: Format and notation
alternative label: Hypertext/hypermedia
alternative label: Index generation
alternative label: Languages and systems
alternative label: Markup languages
alternative label: Multi/mixed media
alternative label: Photocomposition/typesetting
alternative label: Scripting languages
alternative label: Standards
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.7.2

Testing and Debugging
type: Concept
alternative label: Code inspections and walk-throughs
alternative label: Debugging aids
alternative label: Diagnostics
alternative label: Distributed debugging
alternative label: Dumps
alternative label: Error handling and recovery
alternative label: Monitors
alternative label: Symbolic execution
alternative label: Testing tools (e.g., data generators, coverage testing)
alternative label: Tracing
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.5

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.5.0

History of Computing
type: Concept
alternative label: Hardware
alternative label: People
alternative label: Software
alternative label: Systems
alternative label: Theory
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.2

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.8.0

Numerical Linear Algebra
type: Concept
alternative label: Conditioning
alternative label: Determinants
alternative label: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors (direct and iterative methods)
alternative label: Error analysis
alternative label: Linear systems (direct and iterative methods)
alternative label: Matrix inversion
alternative label: Pseudoinverses
alternative label: Singular value decomposition
alternative label: Sparse, structured, and very large systems (direct and iterative methods)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.3

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.m

Graphics Systems (C.2.1, C.2.4, C.3)
type: Concept
alternative label: Distributed/network graphics
alternative label: Remote systems
alternative label: Stand-alone systems
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3.2

Arts and humanities
type: Concept
alternative label: Architecture
alternative label: Arts, fine and performing
alternative label: Fine arts
alternative label: Language translation
alternative label: Linguistics
alternative label: Literature
alternative label: Music
alternative label: Performing arts (e.g., dance, music)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J.5

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
alternative label: Rapid prototyping
alternative label: Reusable software
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.m

Digitization and Image Capture
type: Concept
alternative label: Camera calibration
alternative label: Imaging geometry
alternative label: Quantization
alternative label: Radiometry
alternative label: Reflectance
alternative label: Sampling
alternative label: Scanning
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4.1

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.2.0

Systems and Software
type: Concept
alternative label: Current awareness systems (selective dissemination of information--SDI)
alternative label: Distributed systems
alternative label: Information networks
alternative label: Performance evaluation (efficiency and effectiveness)
alternative label: Question-answering (fact retrieval) systems
alternative label: User profiles and alert services
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3.4

Computer Uses in Education
type: Concept
alternative label: Collaborative learning
alternative label: Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
alternative label: Computer-managed instruction (CMI)
alternative label: Distance learning
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.3.1

Systems and Information Theory (E.4)
type: Concept
alternative label: General systems theory
alternative label: Information theory
alternative label: Value of information
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.1.1

Files (D.4.3, F.2.2, H.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Backup/recovery
alternative label: Optimization
alternative label: Organization/structure
alternative label: Sorting/searching
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: E.5

Organization and Design
type: Concept
alternative label: Batch processing systems
alternative label: Distributed systems
alternative label: Hierarchical design
alternative label: Interactive systems
alternative label: Real-time systems and embedded systems
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4.7

System Management
type: Concept
alternative label: Centralization/decentralization
alternative label: Management audit
alternative label: Quality assurance
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.6.4

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.5.m

Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement
type: Concept
alternative label: Corrections
alternative label: Documentation
alternative label: Enhancement
alternative label: Extensibility
alternative label: Portability
alternative label: Restructuring, reverse engineering, and reengineering
alternative label: Version control
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.7

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.1.0

General
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.2.0

Language Constructs and Features (E.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Abstract data types
alternative label: Classes and objects
alternative label: Concurrent programming structures
alternative label: Constraints
alternative label: Control structures
alternative label: Coroutines
alternative label: Data types and structures
alternative label: Dynamic storage management
alternative label: Frameworks
alternative label: Inheritance
alternative label: Input/output
alternative label: Modules, packages
alternative label: Patterns
alternative label: Polymorphism
alternative label: Procedures, functions, and subroutines
alternative label: Recursion
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.3.3

Group and Organization Interfaces
type: Concept
alternative label: Asynchronous interaction
alternative label: Collaborative computing
alternative label: Computer-supported cooperative work
alternative label: Evaluation/methodology
alternative label: Organizational design
alternative label: Synchronous interaction
alternative label: Theory and models
alternative label: Web-based interaction
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.5.3

Simulation Output Analysis
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.6

Applications
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1.10

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.1.m

Types of Systems
type: Concept
alternative label: Decision support (e.g., MIS)
alternative label: Logistics
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.4.2

Microcode Applications
type: Concept
alternative label: Direct data manipulation
alternative label: Firmware support of operating systems/instruction sets
alternative label: Instruction set interpretation
alternative label: Peripheral control
alternative label: Special-purpose
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.1.5

Modes of Computation
type: Concept
alternative label: Alternation and nondeterminism
alternative label: Interactive and reactive computation
alternative label: Online computation
alternative label: Parallelism and concurrency
alternative label: Probabilistic computation
alternative label: Relations among modes
alternative label: Relativized computation
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.1.2

Information Storage
type: Concept
alternative label: File organization
alternative label: Record classification
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3.2

Design Styles (D.4.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Associative memories
alternative label: Cache memories
alternative label: Interleaved memories
alternative label: Mass storage (e.g., magnetic, optical, RAID)
alternative label: Primary memory
alternative label: Sequential-access memory
alternative label: Shared memory
alternative label: Virtual memory
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.3.2

Model Development
type: Concept
alternative label: Modeling methodologies
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6.5

Graph Theory (F.2.2)
type: Concept
alternative label: Graph algorithms
alternative label: Graph labeling
alternative label: Hypergraphs
alternative label: Network problems
alternative label: Path and circuit problems
alternative label: Trees
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.2.2

Local and Wide-Area Networks
type: Concept
alternative label: Access schemes
alternative label: Buses
alternative label: Ethernet (e.g., CSMA/CD)
alternative label: High-speed (e.g., FDDI, fiber channel, ATM)
alternative label: Internet (e.g., TCP/IP)
alternative label: Token rings
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.2.5

Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems (D.3.1)
type: Concept
alternative label: Decision problems
alternative label: Grammar types (e.g., context-free, context-sensitive)
alternative label: Parallel rewriting systems (e.g., developmental systems, L-systems)
alternative label: Parsing
alternative label: Thue systems
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.4.2

General
type: Concept
alternative label: Data communications
alternative label: Open Systems Interconnection reference model (OSI)
alternative label: Security and protection (e.g., firewalls)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.2.0

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.3.m

Software Management (D.2.9)
type: Concept
alternative label: Software development
alternative label: Software maintenance
alternative label: Software process
alternative label: Software selection
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.6.3

Miscellaneous
type: Concept
alternative label: Insurance [*]
alternative label: Security [*]
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.6.m

Software Architectures
type: Concept
alternative label: Data abstraction
alternative label: Domain-specific architectures
alternative label: Information hiding
alternative label: Languages (e.g., description, interconnection, definition)
alternative label: Patterns (e.g., client/server, pipeline, blackboard)
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2.11

Language Classifications
type: Concept
alternative label: Applicative (functional) languages
alternative label: Concurrent, distributed, and parallel languages
alternative label: Constraint and logic languages
alternative label: Data-flow languages
alternative label: Design languages
alternative label: Extensible languages
alternative label: Macro and assembly languages
alternative label: Microprogramming languages
alternative label: Multiparadigm languages
alternative label: Nondeterministic languages
alternative label: Nonprocedural languages
alternative label: Object-oriented languages
alternative label: Specialized application languages
alternative label: Very high-level languages
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.3.2

Fuzzy sets
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.8

Control theory, system theory
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.1

Biology
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.7

Communication theory and signal processing
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø.2

General Literature
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: A
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Legal aspects of computing
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.5

Performance and reliability (C.4)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.8

Computers and Education
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.3

Models and principles
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.1

Cyberbetics
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: Ø
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity (B.6, B.7, F.1.3)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.2

Discrete mathematics
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.2

Register-transfer-level implementation
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.5

Personal computing
type: Concept
alternative label: Games [*]
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.8

Mathematical logic and formal languages
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.4

Computation by abstract devices
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.1

Logics and meanings of programs
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F.3

Logic design
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.6

Information systems applications
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.4

Integrated circuits
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.7

Software
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Programming languages
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.3

The computing profession
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.7

Symbolic and algebraic manipulation
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.1

Theory of Computation
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: F
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Arithmetic and logic structures
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.2

Mathematics of Computing
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Computers and society
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.4

Memory structures
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.3

Processor architectures
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.1

Computer system implementation
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.5

Control structures and microprogramming (D.3.2)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.1

Document and text processing (H.4, H.5)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.7

Input/output and data communications
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B.4

Pattern recognition
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.5

Information interfaces and presentation (e.g., HCI) (I.7)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.5

Information Systems
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Data
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: E
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Management of computing and information systems
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K.6

Computer Systems Organization
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Computer-communication networks
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: C.2

Computing Methodologies
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Information storage and retrieval
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.3

Programming techniques (E)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.1

Computer Applications
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: J
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Simulation and modeling (G.3)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.6

Hardware
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: B
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Computing Milieux
type: KnuteTerm
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: K
top concept of: ACM CCS/UBO

Computer graphics
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.3

Database management (E.5)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: H.2

Operating systems (C)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.4

Numerical analysis
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: G.1

Image processing and computer vision
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.4

Artificial intelligence
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: I.2

Software engineering (K.6.3)
type: Concept
in scheme: ACM CCS/UBO
notation: D.2

ACM CCS/UBO
type: ConceptScheme
description: 1998 version of the ACM Computing Classification System (CCS), with a small cybernetics add-on from the University of Oslo Informatics Library.
type: Dataset
type: classification schema
data dump: acm-ccs-ubo.rdf
data dump: acm-ccs-ubo.ttl
sparql endpoint: sparql
vocabulary: core#